Представлены результаты лабораторных экспериментов по регистрации сигналов обратнорассеянного излучения ИК-лазера от аэрозольных частиц, содержащих органические примеси. Исследования выполнены на лабораторном стенде по схеме лидарного зондирования на контролируемой оптической трассе. В качестве модельных сред использовались водный аэрозоль и водные растворы, содержащие органические примеси: триптофан, изопропиловый спирт, глицерин, никотинамидадениндинуклеотид. Результаты измерений сигналов обратного рассеяния для различных органических примесей в исследуемых аэрозольных частицах показывают возможность использования ИК-лазеров со сканированием частоты излучения для дистанционного зондирования атмосферного органического аэрозоля.
The analysis of land use and land cover (LULC) based on remote sensing and geographic information systems in Ben En National Park, Vietnam, from 2003 to 2023 has revealed significant landscape changes. Assessing the accuracy of the classification results on our Landsat satellite images has shown high reliability, with kappa coefficients above 0.9 for both 2003 and 2023, indicating strong agreement between the classified images and actual reference data. Over the two-decade period, the dominant LULC class remained natural forest, albeit experiencing a substantial reduction in coverage. In contrast, waterbodies and agricultural land expanded significantly. These LULC changes can be attributed to both natural processes and human activities, such as dam construction and water management projects. The most concerning trend is the significant decline in natural forest coverage, primarily driven by deforestation, logging, and land conversion. These activities pose a severe threat to plant biodiversity and the habitats of wildlife within Ben En National Park. Climate change, characterized by erratic weather patterns, exacerbates these challenges, disrupting forest development. Prolonged droughts and heavy rainfall disrupt the growth of planted species, aggravating the situation. Urgent measures are required to address illegal logging and deforestation, coupled with sustainable land management practices to safeguard the park’s unique biodiversity. This study underscores the importance of remote sensing and geographic information systems in monitoring and addressing environmental changes, providing essential data for informed decision-making in land use planning and conservation efforts within the national park.
Purpose. Wind speed accuracy in diverse storm systems is crucial for weather prediction, climate studies and marine applications. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) fifth-generation atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) for wind speeds in extratropical cyclones (ETCs), polar lows (PLs) and tropical cyclones (TCs), as well as to propose a correction function for potential biases.
Methods and Results. We compared the ERA5 wind speeds with the data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 (AMSR-2) satellite for various storm events. Statistical metrics, including bias, root mean squared error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (R), were calculated to quantify discrepancies between the two datasets. Based on the observed biases, a simple exponential correction function was proposed to adjust the ERA5 wind speeds. The effectiveness of the correction function was evaluated through visual comparisons and quantitative analyses. The analysis revealed that the ERA5 systematically underestimated wind speeds across large areas within ETCs, PLs and TCs compared to the AMSR-2 observations. The proposed correction function successfully improved the agreement between ERA5 and AMSR-2 wind speeds in ETCs and PLs. However, applying the same function to TCs revealed significant structural discrepancies between the ERA5 and the AMSR-2 wind fields within these systems.
Conclusions. This study demonstrates effectiveness of the proposed correction function in enhancing wind speed accuracy for ETCs and PLs, bringing them closer to AMSR-2 observations. However, further research is necessary to develop approaches for addressing wind speed biases in TCs, considering the unique characteristics and limitations of existing reanalysis data. This research contributes to improving our understanding and representation of wind speeds in diverse storm systems, ultimately aiding in more accurate weather forecasting and climate monitoring.
It is a novel approach to linking landscape ecological risk (LER) and ecosystem services (ESs) for environmental management and sustainable development, since it enables real-time ecisionmaking. This study used 12 natural factors relevant to LER and 11 ESs factors to analyze spatiotemporal changes and establish a relationship between them in Tatarstan, Russia, for the years 2010, 2015, and 2020. The statistical tests (Global Moran’s I, Getis-Ord Gi*), analysis of habitat vulnerability, and ecological loss in the ArcGIS platform reveal a consistent variance in factor clustering and pattern as well as the impact of governmental policies in the studied area. According to analysis findings, 2015 had the best ecological conditions of the three years because 44.79 % of the research area had decreased landscape ecological risk, which increased ecosystem services. Additionally, the results show that both maps have significant spatial disparities and that LER and ESs are negatively impacted by high human-socioeconomic activity. The integration of LER and ESs through the overlap of both maps provides a significant amount of spatial information for mapping, monitoring, management, and the protection of the fragile environment for sustainable landscape development and management.
Infrared polarimetry is an emerging sensing modality that offers the potential for significantly enhanced contrast in
situations where conventional thermal imaging falls short. Polarimetric imagery leverages the different polarization
signatures that result from material differences, surface roughness quality, and geometry that are frequently different from
those features that lead to thermal signatures. Imaging of the polarization in a scene can lead to enhanced understanding,
particularly when materials in a scene are at thermal equilibrium. Polaris Sensor Technologies has measured the
polarization signatures of oil on water in a number of different scenarios and has shown significant improvement in
detection through the contrast improvement offered by polarimetry. The sensing improvement offers the promise of
automated detection of oil spills and leaks for routine monitoring and accidents with the added benefit of being able to
continue monitoring at night. In this paper, we describe the instrumentation, and the results of several measurement
exercises in both controlled and uncontrolled conditions