Статьи

Purpose. Development of regional satellite algorithms requires the information on bio-optical properties of a particular water area. The present study is aimed at comparative analysis of bio-optical properties of optically complex waters differing in their trophic status.

Methods and Results. The study combined the results of measuring the spectral bio-optical properties in the waters of the Black, Azov, Barents and Norwegian seas, the Arctic and Southern oceans (Atlantic sector) and Baikal and Teletskoye lakes. Spectral coefficients of light absorption by phytoplankton, non-algal particles and colored dissolved organic matter were measured in accordance with the International Ocean Colour Coordinating Group Protocols. The study areas included the waters with trophic levels from the oligotrophic to the eutrophic ones (the chlorophyll a concentrations in the surface layers varied from 0.066 to 24 mg⋅m−3) and with high heterogeneity in their bio-optical properties: the total non-water light absorption at the wavelength of 438 nm varied from 0.021 to 0.97 m−1.

Conclusions. In all the regions, a high (within an order of magnitude or higher) spatial variability in the values of light absorption coefficients by all the optically active components and their ratios was noted. This fact indicates the optical complexity of waters in each of the regions under study. The regional specificity of parameterization coefficients for light absorption by phytoplankton, non-algal particles and colored dissolved organic matter was shown. The revealed parameterization coefficients for light absorption by the optically active environment components can be used to develop regional satellite algorithms for assessing water quality and productivity indicators. Based on the empirically revealed dependencies, the following additional indicators of water quality were proposed: the euphotic zone depth and the spectral characteristics of downwelling irradiance which can be retrieved based on remote sensing data.

Purpose. The aim of the study is to analyze the features of mean long-term structure and intra-annual variability of the characteristics of temperature fronts on the ocean surface in the Patagonian shelf region.

Methods and Results. Mean daily values of the ocean surface temperature from the NOAA OI SST data and the geostrophic velocity components on the surface at the nodes of a 0.25° regular grid from the CMEMS reanalysis for 1993–2020 were used. It is shown that at the western periphery of a large-scale cyclonic meander formed by the currents in the Patagonian shelf region (south of 45°S), three branches of the Subantarctic Front are traced; they correspond to theWest Falkland Current and to two jets of the East Falkland Current. North of 45°S, where one Falkland Current jet is observed, one branch of the Subantarctic Front is identified. On the eastern periphery of the meander, the front corresponding to the common stream of the Brazil Current and the Falkland Return Current is revealed. Besides, south of 40°S, a separate branch of the Subantarctic Front corresponding to one more recirculation of the Falkland Current is observed. It is shown that at the meander western periphery, the branches of the Subantarctic Front are most intensified in February – March, at its eastern periphery – in March – April, and at the meander northern peak (in the zone of the Brazil – Falkland Confluence) – in April – May and November.

Conclusions. It is found that on the western periphery of the cyclonic meander, south of 45°S, the main branch of the Subantarctic Front approximately follows the 900–1000 m isobaths, north of 45°S – the 150–170 m isobaths, and closer to the Brazil – Falkland Confluence – the 50–60 m isobaths. At the meander eastern periphery, north of 40°S, the main branch of the front is very close to the 800–1000 m isobaths, south of 40°S – to the 1000–2500 m isobaths. It has been established that the differences between the seasonal cycles of intensity of the Subantarctic Front branches are related to the dissimilar warming and cooling rates of surface waters separated by these branches.

In this paper, we consider the Fredholm integral equations of the second kind and construct a new iterative scheme associated to the Nyström method, which was elaborated by Atkinson to approximate the solution over a large interval. Primarily, we demonstrate the inability to generalize the Atkinson iterative methods. Then, we describe our modified generalization in detail and discuss its advantages such as convergence of the iterative solution to the exact solution in the sense norm of the Banach space С0[a,b]. Finally, we give a numerical examples to illustrate the accuracy and reliability of our generalization.

В нашей статье отмечены аспекты новой коронавирусной инфекции в аспекте медицинской биологии на основе литературных источников.

Chara virgata Kütz. найдена в двух внутренних водоёмах обширного сфагнового болота на юге острова Уруп. Это первая находка вида для Сахалинской области и юга Дальнего Востока. Некоторые изученные растения характеризовались примечательной деформацией стеблевой коры на старых частях, которая редко отмечается для представителей рода Chara L. и была неизвестна для этого вида.

Psychiatric care has undergone several cycles of profound changes in the past centuries all over the world. In Hungary, community-based outpatient care has been showing signs of evolution since the 1950s. Initially, the system centered on assertive outreach and family involvement, especially for those with serious mental health problems. Such services remain available throughout the country, but the emphasis in the past decades has shifted towards mass care provision.
In many places, community-based services are no longer provided, and where they are the approach is biomedical and less asuming of recovery. In other centers, the services provided are conceived with the eventuality of rehabilitation in mind and in close cooperation with community-based care providers.
Community-based services providers, as part of the social fabric, offer as many psychiatric and rehabilitation services as possible for those with mental disorders within their communities. The main objective of community-based care is to achieve community re-integration and recovery from mental disorders. Today in Hungary, deinstitutionalisation
and the introduction of community-based psychiatric care have been adopted even by large inpatient institutions.
The replacement of institutional bed space and the provision of subsidised housing further underscore the importance of community-based psychiatric care provision. There is the opinion that, as a further course of development, the emphasis needs to now shift towards the nurturing of a community of experienced experts and creastion of user-led programs. In this new paradigm, the ability of a person with a mental disorder to make decisions and the bolstering
of that ability are seen as vital. In order to achieve these objectives, it is essential that health and social seervices professionals cooperate. Hands-on experience is key in the provision and development of such services.

BACKGROUND: Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) is a condition characterized by episodic bursts of vomiting and abdominal pain linked to cannabis use. The clinical picture mimics an acute abdomen and is often misdiagnosed, especially when the patient avoids reporting their cannabis use for legal reasons.

CASE REPORT: We report on the case of a 33-year-old man that was brought to the emergency room with a history of 3 days of non-bloody, non-projectile, and non-bilious brownish vomit, coupled with severe epigastric and left hypochondriac pain, and a slight fever. He was a daily cannabis user for several years and had stopped using a week or so before the onset of the symptoms, as he was traveling to a country with more restrictive cannabis laws. His condition deteriorated rapidly, followed by emergency room attendance, thorough diagnostic work-up, and unsuccessful interventions, including intravenous treatment with the anti-emetic Ondansetron. The patient was referred to a psychiatrist after a suspected psychogenic etiology by the medical team. The history was suggestive of CHS and also included anxious, depressed
mood with ‘brain fog’. The abdominal pain was the most severe complaint. A combination of tramadol, promethazine, and mirtazapine given on an outpatient basis led to full recovery within 10 days.

CONCLUSION: CHS can occur soon after the interruption of chronic cannabis use and overlap with withdrawal symptom. A combination of anti-histaminergic, opioid-based medication, and antidepressant mirtazapine seemed an effective treatment of CHS, which resulted in a relatively quick recovery.

В статье предлагается использовать скрытые марковские модели для описания курса доллара. Скрытая цепь Маркова описывает свойства исходного ряда: возрастание, убывание или совпадение соседних членов ряда. Для курса доллара выявлено зависимость свойств от дня недели, поэтому цепь состояний описывается семью стохастическими матрицами. Проверка по критерию хи-квадрат подтвердила адекватность предложенной модели смены состояний. Каждое состояние марковской цепи для курса доллара приводит положительному, отрицательному или нулевому приращению. Значимой стохастической связи членами ряда приращений не выявлено. Математическое ожидание и дисперсия ряда приращений существенно изменяются для разных моментов времени, однако, для некоторых периодов времени приращения можно считать одинаково распределенными. Для таких периодов и при условии независимости приращений ряда получены формулы для вычисления прогноза и доверительного интервала. Предложенная модель может применяться для исследования других рядов наблюдений.

Настоящий текст - отрывок будущей большой работы под условным названием «Третья четверть века: расцвет и увядание новой музыки». Работа мыслится как широкая панорама музыки и музыкальной жизни третьей четверти XX века - эпохи, в высшей степени насыщенной событиями и до некоторой степени итоговой для музыки западной цивилизации. Одна из ее частей будет построена как ряд исследовательских очерков (case studies), посвященных музыке, музыкальной жизни и культурной политике стран, наиболее «продуктивных» в музыкальном отношении.

В настоящем номере публикуется первая половина раздела о США. В ней рассматривается часть обширного спектра тенденций и течений, определивших облик американской музыки рассматривамеого периода: от «американизма» и запоздалого романтизма в лице таких мастеров, как А. Копленд, С. Барбер, Дж. Менотти, Н. Рорем и некоторые другие, до творчества «трудных» «университетских композиторов», тяготевших к серийной технике, - Р. Сешнза, М. Бэббитта и их последователей; далее следуют сравнительно развернутые очерки об Э. Картере, Дж. Рокберге и Дж. Краме. Творческие достижения самых значительных композиторов рассматриваются и характеризуются в контексте современных им социально- культурных реалий. Текст снабжен нотными иллюстрациями и ссылками на аудио- и видеозаписи произведений, имеющих ключевое значение для творчества соответствующих композиторов. Вторая часть раздела о США будет опубликована в следующем выпуске журнала ИМТИ.

Tax aggressiveness is an effort that companies can undertake to save on tax payments. One of the factors driving why tax aggressiveness is pursued is the presence of CEO. This study emphasizes the characteristics of CEO. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of CEO characteristics on tax aggressiveness based on the upper echelon’s theory perspective. CEO characteristics are divided into CEO tenure, educational background, and gender. CEO tenure in this study is proxied by how long someone has held the position of CEO, while educational background and gender are proxied using dummy variables. The choice of profitability is because profit is used as the main basis in tax calculation. The sampling technique used was
purposive sampling, with an observation period of 2019–2022 in the seventy family firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The data used is panel data and analyzed employing the EViews program. The model estimation tests feasible to use was the fixed effect model (FEM). The regression results show that CEO tenure, educational background, and gender partially and simultaneously affected tax aggressiveness. The study results generally indicate that family-owned companies tend to utilize more tax aggressiveness. At the same time, the level of education of the general director has a negative effect on tax aggressiveness, i.e. the higher the level of education, the less tax aggressiveness. The gender asymmetry is that women as
family business leaders demonstrate greater tax aggressiveness than male leaders. Therefore, the benefit of this research from the government’s perspective is to formulate policies to reduce efforts of tax aggressiveness, especially for companies predominantly owned by families.